The technology sector in the United States continues to experience unprecedented growth, creating abundant opportunities for skilled software developers from around the world. As American companies compete for top talent in an increasingly digital economy, the H-1B visa program has become a crucial pathway for international software engineers, programmers, and developers seeking to build their careers in Silicon Valley and tech hubs across the nation. This comprehensive guide explores the landscape of software development opportunities with H-1B sponsorship, providing essential insights into the application process, salary expectations, career prospects, and strategies for successfully securing sponsored positions in the competitive American tech industry.
Understanding the H-1B Visa Program for Software Developers
The H-1B visa program serves as the primary employment-based temporary visa category for skilled professionals in specialty occupations, with software development representing one of the most common fields for approved petitions. This non-immigrant visa allows U.S. employers to temporarily employ foreign workers in positions requiring theoretical and practical application of highly specialized knowledge, typically demanding at least a bachelor’s degree or equivalent experience in the specific specialty.
Software development positions align perfectly with H-1B requirements due to their technical nature and educational prerequisites. The role demands specialized knowledge in computer science, software engineering, or related fields, making it a quintessential specialty occupation under immigration law. Positions ranging from entry-level software engineers to senior architects and technical leads qualify for H-1B sponsorship, provided they meet the specialized knowledge criteria and prevailing wage requirements.
The annual H-1B cap presents both challenges and opportunities for software developers. Regular cap-subject petitions are limited to 65,000 visas annually, with an additional 20,000 reserved for applicants holding advanced degrees from U.S. institutions. However, certain employers, including institutions of higher education, nonprofit research organizations, and government research facilities, are exempt from the cap, offering alternative pathways for qualified developers.
The lottery system implemented due to high demand requires strategic planning from both employers and candidates. Software developers typically see higher selection rates when working with established companies experienced in the H-1B process. Major technology companies often file multiple registrations through different entities or subsidiaries, though recent regulatory changes aim to ensure fairness in the selection process.
Timing considerations play crucial roles in H-1B applications for software developers. The registration period typically opens in March, with selected petitions filed in April for an October 1st start date. This timeline requires international developers to plan their job searches well in advance, often beginning conversations with potential employers six to twelve months before their intended start date.
Recent policy changes and proposed reforms continue to shape the H-1B landscape for software developers. Wage-based selection processes, stricter enforcement of specialty occupation requirements, and enhanced scrutiny of consulting companies have altered the dynamics of H-1B sponsorship. Understanding these evolving regulations helps developers and employers navigate the system more effectively.
Current Demand for Software Developers in the USA
The American technology sector’s insatiable appetite for skilled software developers creates exceptional opportunities for international talent. Bureau of Labor Statistics projections indicate software developer employment will grow 25% through 2032, much faster than the average for all occupations. This growth translates to approximately 153,900 new positions annually, far exceeding the domestic talent pipeline’s capacity to fill these roles.
Technology giants including Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, and Apple consistently rank among the top H-1B sponsors, filing thousands of petitions annually for software development positions. These companies have established robust immigration support systems, offering comprehensive relocation packages, legal assistance, and dedicated teams to manage visa processes. Their global presence and resources make them particularly attractive to international developers seeking stable H-1B sponsorship.
Beyond established tech giants, the startup ecosystem provides numerous opportunities for H-1B sponsorship. Well-funded startups, particularly those in Series B funding or beyond, increasingly sponsor international talent to gain competitive advantages. Unicorn companies and rapidly scaling startups often struggle to find qualified developers domestically, making them more willing to invest in H-1B sponsorship for exceptional candidates.
Financial services and fintech companies have emerged as major sponsors of software developers. Banks, investment firms, and financial technology companies require sophisticated software systems for trading platforms, risk management, and customer services. These organizations often offer competitive compensation packages and stable employment, appealing to international developers seeking long-term career growth.
Healthcare technology represents a rapidly expanding sector for software developer opportunities. Electronic health records, telemedicine platforms, medical devices, and health data analytics require specialized developers. The intersection of healthcare and technology creates unique opportunities for developers with domain expertise or interest in healthcare applications.
Consulting firms and technology services companies continue to sponsor significant numbers of H-1B workers, though increased scrutiny has affected their practices. Major consulting firms like Accenture, Deloitte, and Cognizant provide opportunities for developers to work on diverse projects across various industries. However, candidates should carefully evaluate employment terms and ensure positions meet specialty occupation requirements.
E-commerce and retail technology sectors actively recruit international software developers to support digital transformation initiatives. Companies like Walmart, Target, and Home Depot have invested heavily in technology infrastructure, creating in-house development teams rivaling pure technology companies. These positions often offer stability and opportunities to impact large-scale consumer applications.
Types of Software Development Roles with H-1B Sponsorship
The diversity of software development specializations creates numerous pathways for international professionals seeking H-1B sponsorship. Understanding different role categories, their requirements, and career trajectories helps candidates position themselves strategically in the job market.
Full-Stack Software Engineers remain in highest demand, with companies seeking developers capable of handling both frontend and backend development. These positions typically require proficiency in multiple programming languages, frameworks, and databases. Full-stack developers working with modern tech stacks including React, Node.js, Python, and cloud platforms command premium salaries and have excellent H-1B sponsorship prospects. The versatility of full-stack skills makes these developers particularly valuable to startups and smaller companies unable to hire specialized teams.
Backend Software Engineers focusing on server-side logic, database management, and system architecture are essential for companies building scalable applications. Expertise in languages like Java, Python, Go, or C++ combined with knowledge of distributed systems, microservices architecture, and cloud platforms positions backend developers favorably for H-1B sponsorship. Companies handling large-scale data processing, financial transactions, or complex business logic particularly value skilled backend engineers.
Frontend Engineers and UI/UX Developers specializing in user interface development have seen increased demand as companies prioritize user experience. Proficiency in modern JavaScript frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js, combined with understanding of responsive design, accessibility standards, and performance optimization, makes frontend developers attractive H-1B candidates. The visual nature of frontend work allows developers to demonstrate their skills through portfolios, providing tangible evidence of capabilities to potential sponsors.
Mobile Application Developers for iOS and Android platforms continue to see strong demand as mobile usage dominates consumer behavior. Native development skills in Swift for iOS or Kotlin for Android, as well as cross-platform frameworks like React Native or Flutter, position mobile developers well for sponsorship. The specialized nature of mobile development and constant platform evolution creates ongoing demand for skilled practitioners.
Data Engineers and Machine Learning Engineers represent rapidly growing specializations with excellent H-1B prospects. Building data pipelines, implementing machine learning models, and creating AI-driven features require specialized knowledge that commands premium compensation. Expertise in Python, SQL, big data technologies like Spark and Hadoop, and machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch makes these developers highly sought after.
DevOps and Site Reliability Engineers bridge development and operations, ensuring smooth deployment and maintenance of software systems. Skills in containerization (Docker, Kubernetes), infrastructure as code (Terraform, Ansible), and continuous integration/deployment pipelines are increasingly valuable. The critical nature of DevOps roles in maintaining system reliability makes these positions strong candidates for H-1B sponsorship.
Cloud Solutions Architects specializing in AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud Platform design and implement scalable cloud infrastructure. As companies migrate to cloud-native architectures, demand for cloud expertise continues growing. Certifications from major cloud providers combined with practical experience position architects favorably for sponsorship opportunities.
Security Engineers and Cybersecurity Specialists address growing concerns about data protection and system security. Expertise in security protocols, penetration testing, secure coding practices, and compliance frameworks makes security-focused developers valuable assets. The critical nature of security and shortage of qualified professionals creates strong sponsorship opportunities.
Salary Expectations and Compensation Packages
Compensation for H-1B sponsored software developers must meet or exceed prevailing wage requirements determined by job location and skill level. Understanding salary structures, benefits, and total compensation helps international developers evaluate offers and negotiate effectively.
Base salaries for entry-level software developers with H-1B sponsorship typically range from $80,000 to $120,000 annually, depending on location and company size. Metropolitan areas like San Francisco, Seattle, and New York City offer higher salaries to offset living costs, with entry-level positions often starting at $100,000 or more. Mid-level developers with 3-5 years of experience command $120,000 to $180,000, while senior developers and technical leads can earn $180,000 to $300,000 or more at top technology companies.
Geographic variations significantly impact compensation levels. Silicon Valley and San Francisco Bay Area positions offer the highest absolute salaries but must be evaluated against exceptional living costs. Seattle, with no state income tax and presence of major tech companies, provides attractive net compensation. Austin, Denver, and other emerging tech hubs offer lower absolute salaries but potentially better quality of life adjusted for cost of living.
Stock compensation forms a substantial component of total compensation at many technology companies. Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) vesting over 3-4 years can add 20-50% or more to base salaries at established companies. Startup equity, while riskier, potentially offers significant upside for developers joining early-stage companies. Understanding vesting schedules, tax implications, and liquidity events helps developers evaluate equity compensation.
Annual bonuses based on individual and company performance typically range from 10-25% of base salary at established companies. Some companies offer signing bonuses to offset relocation costs or compensate for unvested equity left at previous employers. Performance-based bonuses reward exceptional contributions and can significantly impact total compensation.
Benefits packages add substantial value beyond monetary compensation. Comprehensive health insurance including medical, dental, and vision coverage often costs employers $15,000-25,000 annually per employee. Retirement contributions through 401(k) matching programs typically range from 3-6% of salary. Life insurance, disability coverage, and other insurances provide additional security.
Professional development benefits support continuous learning crucial in rapidly evolving technology fields. Conference attendance, training budgets, certification support, and education reimbursement programs help developers maintain competitive skills. Some companies offer sabbaticals or extended time off for professional development, particularly valuable for H-1B holders who may have limited flexibility to pursue independent learning.
Relocation assistance for international hires often includes temporary housing, moving expenses, visa fee reimbursement, and immigration legal support. Comprehensive relocation packages can be worth $10,000-30,000 or more, substantially easing the transition to working in the United States.
Educational Requirements and Skill Sets
Meeting H-1B educational requirements while possessing in-demand technical skills positions software developers favorably for sponsorship. Understanding how education credentials are evaluated and which skills command premium attention helps international developers prepare competitive profiles.
Bachelor’s degrees in computer science, software engineering, or related fields typically satisfy H-1B educational requirements for software developer positions. Degrees in mathematics, engineering, or physical sciences may also qualify when combined with relevant programming experience. International degrees require credential evaluation to establish U.S. equivalency, with services like WES or ECE providing recognized assessments.
Master’s degrees provide advantages in both H-1B selection and career advancement. Advanced degree holders qualify for the additional 20,000 H-1B visa allocation, improving lottery odds. Graduate education from U.S. institutions particularly benefits international students, providing Optional Practical Training opportunities and established U.S. educational credentials. Specialized master’s programs in artificial intelligence, data science, or cybersecurity align with high-demand areas.
Alternative credentials and bootcamp certifications supplement formal education but rarely substitute for degree requirements in H-1B applications. However, industry certifications from major technology vendors (AWS, Microsoft, Google) demonstrate specialized expertise valuable to employers. Bootcamp completion combined with bachelor’s degrees in any field may strengthen applications for career-changing professionals.
Programming language proficiency requirements vary by position and company technology stacks. Python’s versatility across web development, data science, and automation makes it consistently valuable. JavaScript expertise, particularly with modern frameworks, remains essential for web development roles. Java continues dominating enterprise applications, while languages like Go, Rust, and Kotlin gain traction in specific domains.
Framework and library expertise demonstrates practical application abilities beyond language syntax. React’s dominance in frontend development makes it nearly mandatory for web developers. Spring Boot for Java applications, Django or Flask for Python web development, and Node.js for JavaScript backend development represent valuable framework knowledge. Understanding multiple frameworks within ecosystems shows adaptability and deeper technical understanding.
Cloud platform experience has become nearly mandatory for modern software development roles. AWS services knowledge, including EC2, S3, Lambda, and RDS, appears in most job requirements. Azure expertise particularly matters for enterprises using Microsoft ecosystems. Google Cloud Platform skills, while less common, provide differentiation in certain markets. Multi-cloud experience and cloud-agnostic approaches increasingly valuable as companies avoid vendor lock-in.
Database knowledge spanning relational and NoSQL systems enhances developer profiles. SQL proficiency remains fundamental, with PostgreSQL and MySQL commonly used. NoSQL databases like MongoDB, Redis, and Cassandra support modern application architectures. Understanding database design, optimization, and scaling principles distinguishes senior developers from juniors.
Software development practices and methodologies knowledge demonstrates professional maturity. Agile and Scrum experience is nearly universal in modern development teams. Understanding of test-driven development, continuous integration/deployment, and code review processes shows readiness for professional environments. Experience with version control systems, particularly Git, is absolutely essential.
Top Companies Sponsoring H-1B Visas for Developers
Understanding which companies actively sponsor H-1B visas helps international developers target their job searches effectively. While thousands of companies sponsor software developers, certain organizations have established reputations for supporting international talent.
FAANG companies (Facebook/Meta, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google) and Microsoft consistently rank among top H-1B sponsors. These companies have dedicated immigration teams, established processes, and resources to handle complex cases. They offer comprehensive support including premium processing, dependent visa assistance, and green card sponsorship. The prestige, compensation, and career growth opportunities make these companies highly attractive despite intense competition.
Enterprise software companies like Oracle, SAP, Salesforce, and Adobe regularly sponsor international developers. These established companies offer stability, mature products, and opportunities to work on large-scale systems. Their business-to-business focus often provides better work-life balance than consumer-facing companies. Enterprise software experience proves valuable for long-term career development.
Financial technology and banking institutions increasingly compete for software talent. JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, and Capital One have built substantial technology teams. Fintech companies like Stripe, Square, and Robinhood offer startup culture with financial industry compensation. These companies value developers who understand financial systems and regulations.
Consulting and technology services firms including Infosys, TCS, Wipro, Cognizant, and Accenture sponsor large numbers of H-1B workers. While offering sponsorship opportunities, candidates should carefully evaluate employment terms, bench policies, and client placement practices. Recent regulatory scrutiny has prompted many consulting firms to improve employment conditions and compliance practices.
Emerging technology companies and unicorn startups increasingly sponsor H-1B visas to access global talent. Companies like Uber, Airbnb, DoorDash, and Instacart have established sponsorship programs. Well-funded startups in areas like autonomous vehicles, biotechnology, and clean energy often sponsor specialized developers. These companies offer growth opportunities and potential equity upside.
Traditional companies undergoing digital transformation have become unexpected sources of H-1B sponsorship. Retailers like Walmart and Target, automotive companies like Tesla and General Motors, and healthcare organizations like Kaiser Permanente actively recruit software developers. These companies often offer competitive compensation with potentially less competition than pure technology firms.
Application Strategies and Interview Preparation
Successfully securing H-1B sponsored positions requires strategic job search approaches and thorough interview preparation. International developers must navigate additional complexities beyond typical job searches, making preparation and strategy crucial for success.
Timing your job search around H-1B cycles maximizes opportunities. Beginning searches in September-October positions candidates for March registration periods. Companies often make hiring decisions by February to prepare H-1B registrations. Alternatively, targeting cap-exempt employers or positions with October start dates provides different timeline opportunities. Understanding fiscal year transitions and visa availability helps optimize search timing.
Networking within technology communities accelerates job search success. Attending meetups, conferences, and hackathons creates connections with potential employers and employees. LinkedIn optimization with relevant keywords, complete profiles, and active engagement increases visibility to recruiters. Alumni networks from universities, particularly U.S. institutions, provide valuable connections and referrals.
Tailoring resumes for American technology job markets improves response rates. Highlighting quantifiable achievements, using action verbs, and focusing on impact rather than responsibilities resonates with American recruiters. Including relevant keywords from job descriptions helps pass Applicant Tracking Systems. Keeping resumes concise (1-2 pages) while showcasing relevant projects and technologies maintains recruiter attention.
Portfolio development demonstrates practical skills beyond resume claims. GitHub profiles with meaningful contributions show coding abilities and collaboration skills. Personal projects solving real problems or implementing complex features provide discussion topics during interviews. Technical blogs explaining complex concepts or sharing learning experiences establish thought leadership and communication abilities.
Technical interview preparation requires systematic study of algorithms, data structures, and system design. Platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, and CodeSignal provide practice problems similar to actual interview questions. Understanding time and space complexity analysis, common algorithm patterns, and optimization techniques is essential. System design interviews for senior positions require knowledge of distributed systems, scalability principles, and trade-off analysis.
Behavioral interview preparation addressing cultural fit and soft skills increasingly matters. Preparing STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) format stories demonstrating leadership, collaboration, and problem-solving provides structured responses. Understanding American workplace culture, including direct communication styles and individual accountability, helps international candidates present themselves effectively.
Visa status communication requires careful balance between transparency and timing. Mentioning visa requirements too early may eliminate opportunities, while hiding requirements creates trust issues. Generally, confirming company sponsorship policies before extensive interviews saves time. Being prepared to explain visa processes and timelines helps address employer concerns.
Negotiation strategies for international candidates must consider visa dependencies. While negotiating compensation remains important, factors like visa support, green card commitments, and job security may warrant consideration. Understanding that employers invest significantly in H-1B sponsorship can strengthen negotiation positions for qualified candidates.
Green Card Process and Long-term Career Planning
Understanding pathways from H-1B to permanent residency helps international developers plan long-term careers in the United States. The employment-based green card process, while complex and lengthy, provides eventual freedom from visa restrictions and full career flexibility.
The PERM labor certification process initiates most employment-based green card applications. Employers must demonstrate inability to find qualified U.S. workers through recruitment efforts including job postings, advertisements, and sometimes recruitment events. The process typically takes 6-12 months, though audit requests can extend timelines. Software developer positions generally qualify for EB-2 or EB-3 categories based on education and experience requirements.
Priority date establishment through I-140 petition filing marks crucial milestones in green card processes. For countries without per-country backlogs, green cards may be available immediately upon I-140 approval. However, developers from India and China face substantial waiting periods due to per-country limitations, potentially spanning several years or decades for EB-3 categories.
EB-1 extraordinary ability petitions offer faster paths for exceptional developers. Publishing research papers, obtaining patents, leading open-source projects, or receiving recognition for contributions may qualify developers for EB-1 categories. While standards are high, motivated developers can build qualifying profiles through strategic career choices and documentation of achievements.
National Interest Waiver (NIW) petitions under EB-2 allow self-petitioning without employer sponsorship or labor certification. Developers working on critical technologies, contributing to important research, or advancing fields like artificial intelligence or cybersecurity may qualify. NIW petitions provide flexibility and independence from specific employers.
H-1B portability provisions allow job changes during green card processes, though careful planning is required. AC21 provisions permit H-1B extensions beyond six years while green cards are pending. I-485 portability after 180 days provides additional flexibility. Understanding these provisions helps developers navigate career changes without jeopardizing immigration status.
Career planning during extended green card waits requires strategic thinking. Pursuing advanced degrees, obtaining professional certifications, or transitioning to management roles can advance careers despite visa restrictions. Some developers pursue opportunities in other countries or with multinational companies offering international assignments while maintaining U.S. green card processes.
Challenges and Considerations for International Developers
International software developers pursuing H-1B opportunities face unique challenges requiring careful consideration and planning. Understanding these challenges helps set realistic expectations and develop mitigation strategies.
Visa uncertainty creates stress and career limitations for H-1B holders. Annual lottery systems mean even qualified candidates with job offers may not receive visas. Status maintenance requires continuous employment, limiting career flexibility and creating dependency on employers. Understanding backup plans, including alternative visa categories or opportunities in other countries, provides contingency options.
Cultural adaptation in American workplaces requires adjustment for many international developers. Direct communication styles, emphasis on self-promotion, and work-life balance expectations may differ from home country norms. Flat organizational structures and informal interactions between hierarchy levels can surprise developers from more formal cultures. Actively observing and adapting to workplace cultures accelerates integration and success.
Legal and tax complexities affect international developers significantly. Understanding tax obligations in both the United States and home countries prevents costly mistakes. Maintaining valid status requires attention to travel restrictions, visa expiration dates, and employment authorization documents. Immigration law changes can affect status and plans, requiring ongoing attention to policy developments.
Family considerations complicate decision-making for H-1B holders. Dependent H-4 visa holders face employment restrictions, though certain categories may obtain work authorization. Children aging out of dependent status require independent visa solutions. Extended family separation and inability to sponsor relatives create emotional challenges. Planning for family needs while navigating immigration systems requires careful consideration.
Geographic restrictions tied to employment limit lifestyle choices. H-1B holders cannot freely relocate or work remotely from outside the United States without employer approval and potential visa amendments. Job-tied housing markets in expensive technology hubs strain finances. Limited ability to pursue entrepreneurship or consulting while on H-1B restricts career options.
Economic downturns and layoffs pose particular risks for visa holders. Sixty-day grace periods following employment termination create pressure to find new positions quickly. Economic uncertainty may reduce sponsorship availability. Building emergency funds and maintaining marketable skills provides protection against economic volatility.
Future Outlook and Industry Trends
The landscape for international software developers seeking H-1B sponsorship continues evolving with technological advancement, policy changes, and shifting industry demands. Understanding emerging trends helps developers position themselves for future opportunities.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning specializations will likely see increased demand and sponsorship opportunities. As AI becomes integral to products across industries, developers with deep learning expertise, natural language processing skills, and AI ethics understanding will command premium positions. The specialized nature of AI development and limited domestic talent pipeline suggests continued reliance on international expertise.
Remote work transformations may reshape H-1B employment patterns. While visa regulations currently limit remote work flexibility, ongoing discussions about modernizing immigration systems may eventually accommodate distributed work models. Hybrid arrangements allowing periodic office presence while maintaining visa compliance are already emerging. Companies comfortable with remote work may be more willing to sponsor international talent.
Cybersecurity expertise will become increasingly critical as digital threats escalate. Security-focused developers, particularly those with expertise in cloud security, zero-trust architectures, and privacy-preserving technologies, will find abundant opportunities. The national security implications of cybersecurity may prompt policy changes favoring skilled international professionals in this domain.
Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies represent emerging areas with potential for international developers. As applications extend beyond cryptocurrencies into supply chain, healthcare, and financial services, developers with blockchain expertise may find unique sponsorship opportunities. The global nature of blockchain development creates natural advantages for international professionals.
Immigration reform discussions continue with potential impacts on H-1B programs. Proposals range from wage-based selection to startup visa programs to country-neutral allocation systems. While reform timing remains uncertain, staying informed about policy proposals helps developers adapt strategies. Building diverse skill sets and maintaining flexibility positions developers for various potential scenarios.
Competition from other countries for global talent may influence U.S. immigration policies. Canada’s tech talent programs, European Blue Cards, and emerging technology hubs in Asia provide alternatives for skilled developers. This competition may prompt U.S. policy makers to improve pathways for retaining international talent.
Conclusion: Navigating Your Path to Software Development Success in America
The journey to securing software developer positions with H-1B sponsorship in the United States requires careful planning, persistent effort, and strategic career development. Despite challenges and uncertainties inherent in the immigration process, opportunities for skilled international developers remain abundant in America’s thriving technology sector. The combination of world-leading companies, innovative startup ecosystems, competitive compensation, and unparalleled career growth potential continues attracting global talent to American shores.
Success in this journey demands more than technical excellence alone. International developers must understand immigration complexities, adapt to American workplace cultures, and continuously evolve their skills to match industry demands. Building strong professional networks, maintaining flexibility in career planning, and preparing thoroughly for both technical and cultural aspects of job searches significantly improve outcomes.
The investment required to pursue H-1B opportunities—in time, effort, and sometimes financial resources—can yield substantial returns through career advancement, professional development, and potential permanent residency. Many international developers have successfully navigated this path, building rewarding careers and contributing significantly to American innovation and economic growth.
Looking ahead, the fundamental demand for skilled software developers shows no signs of abating. As digital transformation accelerates across industries and new technologies emerge, companies will continue competing for top global talent. International developers who position themselves strategically, develop in-demand specializations, and maintain resilience through challenges will find opportunities to build successful careers in the United States.
The H-1B journey represents more than just visa sponsorship; it’s a pathway to participating in the world’s most dynamic technology ecosystem, working on cutting-edge projects, and collaborating with brilliant minds from around the globe. For international software developers willing to embrace the challenges and opportunities, the American technology sector offers unparalleled potential for professional growth, innovation, and personal achievement.
Whether you’re a recent graduate considering international opportunities or an experienced developer seeking new challenges, understanding the H-1B landscape empowers informed decision-making about your career trajectory. The road may be complex, but with proper preparation, strategic planning, and persistent effort, international software developers can successfully navigate the path to building thriving careers in America’s technology industry.